Pedro Sánchez faces heightened pressure to remain Spain’s prime minister following his October 5 decision to call a snap general election for November 29 after parliament rejected two housing decrees amid nationwide protests over rental costs and evictions. His minority coalition has struggled with legislative defeats, corruption cases tied to party figures, and the Ceuta migrant surge, while polls consistently show the opposition People’s Party leading and positioned to form a government, potentially with Vox support. A deadly October 28 train crash near Toledo further eroded government credibility on infrastructure and competence, prompting Sánchez to adjust campaign messaging just weeks before voters decide. The outcome hinges on whether housing affordability concerns can offset these headwinds and enable coalition rebuilding, with results expected to determine whether he continues in office or a new administration takes over.